政四A 劉力豪 (4)

系級 : 政四A
姓名 : 劉力豪
學號 : 04114140

出處 : https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47756368
時間 : 2019/04/01

標題 :

Zuzana Caputova becomes Slovakia's first female president

新聞內容 :
Anti-corruption candidate Zuzana Caputova has won Slovakia's presidential election, making her the country's first female head of state.
Ms Caputova, who has almost no political experience, defeated high-profile diplomat Maros Sefcovic, nominated by the governing party, in a second round run-off vote on Saturday.
She framed the election as a struggle between good and evil.
The election follows the murder of an investigative journalist last year.
Jan Kuciak was looking into links between politicians and organised crime when he was shot at home alongside his fiancée in February 2018.
Ms Caputova cited Mr Kuciak's murder as one of the reasons she decided to run for president, which is a largely ceremonial role.
She won 58% of the vote, with Mr Sefcovic trailing on 42%.
Her opponent was nominated by the ruling Smer-SD party, which is led by Robert Fico, who was forced to resign as prime minister following the killings.
Ms Caputova gained national prominence as a lawyer when she led a case against an illegal landfill lasting 14 years.
Aged 45, a divorcee and mother of two, she is a member of the liberal Progressive Slovakia party, which has no seats in parliament.
In a country where same-sex marriage and adoption is not yet legal, her liberal views have seen her promote LGBTQ+ rights.
The opponent she defeated, Mr Sefcovic, is vice president of the European Commission.
In the first round, Ms Caputova won 40% of the vote, with Mr Sefcovic gaining less than 19%.
Several heads of state - including those of neighbouring Austria and Ukraine - have expressed their support for Ms Caputova on social media.
She will be sworn in on 15 June when Slovakia's current president, Andrej Kiska, finishes his term of office. 

心得 :
斯洛伐克為議會制國家，因此最高行政首長為總理。而總統則為人民直選產生之國家元首，主要擔任象徵性質之職務，但握有總理提名權及法案否決權，因此仍具有十分的政治影響力。總統大選為兩輪決選制，近日總統大選結果由女性參選人查普托娃 (Zuzana Caputova) 在第二輪以58%的得票率，成為斯洛伐克新任總統，也是斯洛伐克首任女性總統。

查普托娃為一名律師，同時為非政府組織的倡議人士，長年活耀於社會運動，不僅對於環保相關議題有深入的探討，在尚未開放同性婚姻的斯洛伐克，她更對於同性婚姻與人權議題表達強烈的支持態度。在政治方面，查普托娃所加入的斯洛伐克進步黨，在其宣布參選總統時，仍是一個沒有任何議會席次之政黨，因此可以看的出來查普托娃確實並無太多的政治經驗。

如新聞報導所述，查普托娃將這場總統選戰視為 "a struggle between good and evil"，是因為一場發生在斯洛伐克，震驚全歐洲的記者謀殺案。在2018年的二月，斯洛伐克的一名記者庫奇亞克 (Jan Kuciak) 與其女友在住家內遭到謀殺，引人注目的焦點為庫奇亞克在過往專門於報導政府黑幕醜聞，在被謀殺的時候正調查著政府官員和義大利黑手黨之間的利益連結，因此普遍的被視為是遭到相關人士的謀殺。

起初，政府方面想要透過掩蓋消息來平息事件，沒想到引起了更多群眾的不滿，走上街頭抗爭，使示威抗議的規模迅速擴大，促使當時的總理菲佐 (Robert Fico) 下台負政治責任。而查普托娃也在領導示威抗議中順勢拉抬了聲望，讓人民開始注意到這名抗議政府不公義的候選人，因此對抗邪惡便成為查普托娃的競選口號。

在競選過程中，由於獲得許多政壇人士的支持，尤其是聲望最高的時任總統基斯卡 (Andrej Kiska) 在宣布放棄爭取連任後，公開選擇支持查普托娃，使得查普托娃迅速成為支持度最高之候選人，也在大選中順利打敗對手塞夫喬維奇 (Maros Sefcovic)，順利成為斯洛伐克的下一任總統。

查普托娃的當選，可以視為斯洛伐克選民對於其意識形態立場之支持，包括著反貪腐、支持婚姻平權、以及最重要的反民粹主義。不同於歐洲多國現今盛行的民粹主義與疑歐主義，大選的結果讓全世界看到斯洛伐克選擇了溫和且務實的查普托娃，而非對難民及同性議題持強硬立場的塞夫喬維奇。

但我認為查普托娃仍須面對自身政治經驗不足的問題，畢竟總統為一國之元首，勢必對於國防外交與內政穩定要有充分的研究與掌控，才能夠使國家可以往正確的方向前進，而不是僅透過未來展望與口號理念來治理國家。