班級：政三A
學號：05114159
日期：2019/3/5
日期：2019/3/5
出處：BBC
NEWS EUROPE
標題：Emmanuel
Macron calls for 'EU renaissance' ahead of polls
全文：
French President Emmanuel Macron has proposed a series of reforms to ensure the future of the European Union.
In an opinion piece published in newspapers across Europe, he calls for the creation of an agency to protect the bloc against cyber-attacks.
Ahead of May's European elections, he advocates a ban on foreign powers financing European political parties.
And he suggests the British people were not properly informed before voting to leave the EU.
Mr Macron set out his proposals for a "European renaissance" in an open letter addressed directly to the "citizens of Europe", which was published in newspapers in all 28 EU member states.
Macron urges EU to shun nationalism
Macron pushes for 'true European army'
In his letter, Mr Macron says the EU as an institution needs a major shake-up if it is to stop member states "retreating into nationalism" - a direct reference to Brexit.
"Who told the British people the truth about their post-Brexit future?" he asks, using the UK's withdrawal from the union as an example of the EU being in crisis. "Who spoke to them about losing access to the EU market? Who mentioned the risks to peace in Ireland of restoring the border?"
In a nutshell: what Macron is proposing?
In his open letter to Europe, Mr Macron proposes the creation of several new bodies that would oversee change within the EU. They are:
European Agency for the Protection of Democracies, to protect against cyber attacks, the spread of fake news, and to ban foreign powers from funding European political parties
European Council for Internal Security, which would comprise a Europe-wide border force agency and asylum office, and a European security council that would have "the UK on board"
An EU minimum wage, which would be "appropriate to each country" and negotiated collectively on an annual basis, and a guarantee that EU citizens would get "the same pay for the same work"
European Climate Bank, which would finance the EU's transition to his suggested environmental targets, "zero carbon by 2050 and pesticides halved by 2025"
A European food safety force, to "improve our food controls" and protect them from the "lobby threat" with "independent scientific assessment of substances hazardous to the environment and health"
A Conference for Europe, which Mr Macron wants the EU to set up by the end of this year, so that changes can be proposed and approved by representatives from EU institutions and member states
Why now?
By Hugh Schofield, BBC News, Paris
For months President Macron has been forced to concentrate on home affairs, thanks to the "gilets jaunes" (yellow-vest) movement. But that crisis is waning.
So now, with EU elections approaching in May, is the moment to fire an opening salvo in that campaign, and return to his big theme of European renewal.
We have been here before. Before his election he campaigned under a blue European flag, and in his Sorbonne speech of September 2017 he promised a new era of Franco-German unity at the heart of an invigorated EU. The results have been, to say the least, disappointing.
Now he is back with more of the vision thing, but this time observers detect a shift.
Today the focus seems to be more on protection, defence and borders - rather than economic and social convergence; and more on intergovernmental cooperation, rather than federalism. A nod perhaps to the power of his foes, and their "populist" rationale.
What he wants in detail
First, Mr Macron says a new European Agency for the Protection of Democracies should be set up to provide each member state with experts who can protect their election processes from cyber-attacks, and manipulation from foreign powers.
"Our first freedom is democratic freedom," he writes. "The freedom to chose our leaders as foreign powers seek to influence our votes at every election."
He then adds that "we should also ban the funding of European political parties by foreign powers".
Hackers 'intercept EU diplomatic cables'
Macron’s marvellous manoeuvres
This is seen as a reference both to claims of Russian links to elements of the Brexit campaign, and to the controversy over Russian financing of the far-right French political party, National Front.
As well as this, the French president says, the EU should bring in rules "banishing incitement to hatred and violence from the internet".
He also says the EU should write up a new treaty of defence and security, and set up a European security council, which would include the UK.
In 2017, France said it had been targeted by 24,000 cyber-attacks in a year - and warned that it could be hit by a campaign like the one thought to have targeted the 2016 US election.
And the European Innovation Council, which already exists, should be given a larger budget "on a par with the United States" in order to support research into new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI).
A single asylum policy
Mr Macron then goes on to say that those who want to belong to the visa-free Schengen area should accept both stricter controls on outer borders, and a common asylum policy for migrants.
At the moment, different Schengen member states are able to have wildly different policies on asylum and immigration.
Germany, for instance, accepted about 1.2 million asylum seekers during the 2015-16 crisis, while Hungary passed a law criminalising lawyers and activists who helped asylum seekers.
"We will need a common border force and a European asylum office, strict control obligations and European solidarity to which each country will contribute under the authority of a European Council for Internal Security," he writes.
'Europe, where social security was created'
The French president then suggests bringing in new social security measures for EU citizens, including a new "EU minimum wage" that would be "appropriate to each country, negotiated collectively every year".
He also says that the EU should have a "social shield" that would guarantee that workers doing the same job get the same pay.
"[Europe] needs to drive forward a project of convergence rather than competition," he adds.
Mr Macron also proposes new EU-wide environmental targets - "zero carbon by 2050 and pesticides halved by 2025" - which would be financed by a new European Climate Bank.
A new "European food safety force" would enforce the EU's food controls, while funding independent scientific research to combat the influence of corporate lobbies.
"We can't let nationalists with no solutions exploit people's anger," he concludes. "We can't sleepwalk to a diminished Europe... European humanism demands action."
摘要：
French President Emmanuel Macron has proposed a series of reforms to ensure the future of the European Union.
In an opinion piece published in newspapers across Europe, he calls for the creation of an agency to protect the bloc against cyber-attacks.
Ahead of May's European elections, he advocates a ban on foreign powers financing European political parties.
And he suggests the British people were not properly informed before voting to leave the EU.
Mr Macron set out his proposals for a "European renaissance" in an open letter addressed directly to the "citizens of Europe", which was published in newspapers in all 28 EU member states.
Macron urges EU to shun nationalism
Macron pushes for 'true European army'
In his letter, Mr Macron says the EU as an institution needs a major shake-up if it is to stop member states "retreating into nationalism" - a direct reference to Brexit.
"Who told the British people the truth about their post-Brexit future?" he asks, using the UK's withdrawal from the union as an example of the EU being in crisis. "Who spoke to them about losing access to the EU market? Who mentioned the risks to peace in Ireland of restoring the border?"
In a nutshell: what Macron is proposing?
In his open letter to Europe, Mr Macron proposes the creation of several new bodies that would oversee change within the EU. They are:
European Agency for the Protection of Democracies, to protect against cyber attacks, the spread of fake news, and to ban foreign powers from funding European political parties
European Council for Internal Security, which would comprise a Europe-wide border force agency and asylum office, and a European security council that would have "the UK on board"
An EU minimum wage, which would be "appropriate to each country" and negotiated collectively on an annual basis, and a guarantee that EU citizens would get "the same pay for the same work"
European Climate Bank, which would finance the EU's transition to his suggested environmental targets, "zero carbon by 2050 and pesticides halved by 2025"
A European food safety force, to "improve our food controls" and protect them from the "lobby threat" with "independent scientific assessment of substances hazardous to the environment and health"
A Conference for Europe, which Mr Macron wants the EU to set up by the end of this year, so that changes can be proposed and approved by representatives from EU institutions and member states
Why now?
By Hugh Schofield, BBC News, Paris
For months President Macron has been forced to concentrate on home affairs, thanks to the "gilets jaunes" (yellow-vest) movement. But that crisis is waning.
So now, with EU elections approaching in May, is the moment to fire an opening salvo in that campaign, and return to his big theme of European renewal.
We have been here before. Before his election he campaigned under a blue European flag, and in his Sorbonne speech of September 2017 he promised a new era of Franco-German unity at the heart of an invigorated EU. The results have been, to say the least, disappointing.
Now he is back with more of the vision thing, but this time observers detect a shift.
Today the focus seems to be more on protection, defence and borders - rather than economic and social convergence; and more on intergovernmental cooperation, rather than federalism. A nod perhaps to the power of his foes, and their "populist" rationale.
What he wants in detail
First, Mr Macron says a new European Agency for the Protection of Democracies should be set up to provide each member state with experts who can protect their election processes from cyber-attacks, and manipulation from foreign powers.
"Our first freedom is democratic freedom," he writes. "The freedom to chose our leaders as foreign powers seek to influence our votes at every election."
He then adds that "we should also ban the funding of European political parties by foreign powers".
Hackers 'intercept EU diplomatic cables'
Macron’s marvellous manoeuvres
This is seen as a reference both to claims of Russian links to elements of the Brexit campaign, and to the controversy over Russian financing of the far-right French political party, National Front.
As well as this, the French president says, the EU should bring in rules "banishing incitement to hatred and violence from the internet".
He also says the EU should write up a new treaty of defence and security, and set up a European security council, which would include the UK.
In 2017, France said it had been targeted by 24,000 cyber-attacks in a year - and warned that it could be hit by a campaign like the one thought to have targeted the 2016 US election.
And the European Innovation Council, which already exists, should be given a larger budget "on a par with the United States" in order to support research into new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI).
A single asylum policy
Mr Macron then goes on to say that those who want to belong to the visa-free Schengen area should accept both stricter controls on outer borders, and a common asylum policy for migrants.
At the moment, different Schengen member states are able to have wildly different policies on asylum and immigration.
Germany, for instance, accepted about 1.2 million asylum seekers during the 2015-16 crisis, while Hungary passed a law criminalising lawyers and activists who helped asylum seekers.
"We will need a common border force and a European asylum office, strict control obligations and European solidarity to which each country will contribute under the authority of a European Council for Internal Security," he writes.
'Europe, where social security was created'
The French president then suggests bringing in new social security measures for EU citizens, including a new "EU minimum wage" that would be "appropriate to each country, negotiated collectively every year".
He also says that the EU should have a "social shield" that would guarantee that workers doing the same job get the same pay.
"[Europe] needs to drive forward a project of convergence rather than competition," he adds.
Mr Macron also proposes new EU-wide environmental targets - "zero carbon by 2050 and pesticides halved by 2025" - which would be financed by a new European Climate Bank.
A new "European food safety force" would enforce the EU's food controls, while funding independent scientific research to combat the influence of corporate lobbies.
"We can't let nationalists with no solutions exploit people's anger," he concludes. "We can't sleepwalk to a diminished Europe... European humanism demands action."
摘要：
法國總統馬克宏向歐盟主要媒體投了一封致全體歐洲公民的公開信。信上圍繞著他提倡歐洲復興的理念和對歐盟的一連串改革建議。其中包括：
1. 成立歐洲保衛民主機關來避免各會員國受到惡意網路攻擊、散播假新聞和監督歐洲政黨受到外國的資助而被操弄
2. 成立直屬歐盟的邊防部隊和軍事力量、建立歐洲庇護辦公室
3. 每年集體協商一筆經費撥給各會員國並統一歐盟最低薪資和確保各國同工同酬
4. 成立歐洲氣候銀行負責管理金援歐盟想達到的氣候目標「2050年零排碳，2025年減少一半農藥用量」
5. 建立歐洲食品安全部門加強控管歐洲食品安全，免於受到外國壓力而進口可能對人體有危害的污染食品
6. 舉行一年一度的歐洲會談，在每年年底舉辦，藉此宣布重要的改革政策和各會員國一起重申歐洲精神及制度
雖然之前馬克宏因為法國的黃背心運動而不得不把施政重心轉回法國內政，但現在隨著五月份歐洲議會選舉的到來，他又把目光轉回選舉火藥味漸濃的歐盟。他認為歐洲復興的目標是遠高於選舉和民族主義，而歐盟現在正處於因為民族主義或外國力量介入的分裂危機，英國的脫歐正是象徵。
除了針對歐盟提出的改革建議，他也重申對英國脫歐的看法。馬克宏並不認為英國人民有足夠的資訊做出脫歐公投的選擇，並且指出英國也無法負擔脫歐後的未來發展，包括與愛爾蘭之間可能發生邊界衝突和失去與歐盟這個世界最大經濟實體做貿易的福利。
馬克宏指出，歐盟不僅僅是一個經濟聯盟，更是為歐洲復興願景的藍圖，因此歐盟必須避免孤立和分裂，共同為自由、保護和進步而努力。
心得：
台灣媒體非常少報關於歐洲的新聞消息，我是直到看完這篇新聞才對歐洲精神有深刻的體會。許多歐洲人追求復興歐洲，而這條路上困難重重。歐洲在西方文化上是最古老的國家，但是在分分合合中，各國之間愛恨交織，甚至在十八世紀後，逐漸被美國超越，讓美國成為新一代世界霸主，這對歐洲來說無疑是一大衝擊。我個人對歐盟的歷史還並不是那麼了解，這也是我選了這門課的理由之一，我應該去更瞭解這個目前為世界上最大經濟實體的政府組織，何況它已經不僅僅是經濟聯盟，更是政治聯盟。
要將這片土地上這麼多元的國家、文化融合，團結一心是一件非常困難的事，何況這幾年來不斷有新的挑戰出現，像是歐洲主權債務危機和現在還在演變劇烈的英國脫歐公投，歐盟各會員國要怎麼樣面對這些挑戰並且達到理想中的歐洲復興是我對國際政治上最感興趣的。從這篇報導可以看出馬克宏也為著這個目標對歐盟提出各種建議，還有對英國的喊話，從這封信中，我覺得馬克宏對英國有點威脅意味，表達他堅定的立場。這封信可說是為五月份歐洲議會選舉投下一顆震撼彈，作為領導著歐盟強國之一的法國，對歐盟的影響力是十分巨大的，而作為法國總統，馬克宏更是帶領著歐洲發展的人物之一，他所提出的六項建議我個人是覺得蠻有助益的，我也會持續關注其他會員國的態度和後續發展。
沒有留言:
張貼留言