姓名 : 劉力豪
學號 : 04114140
出處 : https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47666245
時間 : 2019/03/24
標題 :
Yellow vests banned from Champs-Élysées after riots
新聞內容 :
French police have banned "yellow vest" protesters from the Champs-Élysées in Paris on Saturday after rioters destroyed businesses last week.
The government has warned that it intends to react severely against any new outbreak of violence.
The government for the first time is deploying soldiers to help maintain security, both in Paris and in Nice.
But there has been widespread criticism over anti-terrorist forces being used as crowd control.
A soldier from the anti-terrorism Sentinelle patrol force told the Franceinfo website of their discomfort at being deployed to control the protests.
"Sentinelle guys are all soldiers - we don't know how to keep order," the soldier said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
Politicians from across the political spectrum also voiced concerns.
Bruno Retailleau, leader of the main opposition Republicans in the Senate, told the France 5 television channel that the decision was a "serious mistake".
The "yellow vests" ("gilets jaunes") started protesting in November, initially because of fuel tax rises.
The movement soon evolved into a broader rebellion against perceived elitism, for which activists blame President Emmanuel Macron.
Following last week's riots, which resulted in more than 120 arrests, Mr Macron vowed "tough" action.
Paris police chief Michel Delpuech was replaced by Didier Lallement, the top police official in the south-west Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Money has been raised for owners of kiosks that were burned out and some were being replaced on Friday.
Concessions were offered to protesters late last year as the movement was picking up speed - including €10bn (£8.5bn; $11bn) designed to raise incomes of the poorest workers and pensioners. But this has not put an end to the riots.
For the past month the president has toured France, listening to local mayors and citizens as part of his "grand débat" - a big national debate.
French police have banned "yellow vest" protesters from the Champs-Élysées in Paris on Saturday after rioters destroyed businesses last week.
The government has warned that it intends to react severely against any new outbreak of violence.
The government for the first time is deploying soldiers to help maintain security, both in Paris and in Nice.
But there has been widespread criticism over anti-terrorist forces being used as crowd control.
A soldier from the anti-terrorism Sentinelle patrol force told the Franceinfo website of their discomfort at being deployed to control the protests.
"Sentinelle guys are all soldiers - we don't know how to keep order," the soldier said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
Politicians from across the political spectrum also voiced concerns.
Bruno Retailleau, leader of the main opposition Republicans in the Senate, told the France 5 television channel that the decision was a "serious mistake".
The "yellow vests" ("gilets jaunes") started protesting in November, initially because of fuel tax rises.
The movement soon evolved into a broader rebellion against perceived elitism, for which activists blame President Emmanuel Macron.
Following last week's riots, which resulted in more than 120 arrests, Mr Macron vowed "tough" action.
Paris police chief Michel Delpuech was replaced by Didier Lallement, the top police official in the south-west Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Money has been raised for owners of kiosks that were burned out and some were being replaced on Friday.
Concessions were offered to protesters late last year as the movement was picking up speed - including €10bn (£8.5bn; $11bn) designed to raise incomes of the poorest workers and pensioners. But this has not put an end to the riots.
For the past month the president has toured France, listening to local mayors and citizens as part of his "grand débat" - a big national debate.
心得 :
法國的黃背心運動自2018年11月起，至今已超過四個月的時間，雖然示威遊行的熱潮隨著時間有所下降，但目前似乎仍看不見黃背心運動的結束。黃背心運動始於法國的部分群眾對於馬克宏政府提高燃油稅之政策感到不滿，因此於法國各地集結抗議，黃背心代表之意義為汽車駕駛人抗議提升燃油稅。而隨著抗議運動的開展，群眾規模逐漸擴大至中產階級，導火線為法國近年經濟不景氣，還有對於公共政策上的改善需求，以及法國政府將富人稅政策取消，使得中產階級之相對剝奪感急速上升，讓黃背心運動擴大為廣大的法國群眾抗議示威。但隨著示威遊行的開展，在法國各處也發生了多起脫序的暴力衝突事件，使得政府決定指派軍警力量進行平亂，因此在這樣的混亂下，造成了抗議群眾、一般人民、媒體人士及軍警的傷亡，也有數千名的抗議群眾遭到逮捕。
在抗議情況沒有取得改善的情況下，法國總統馬克宏 (Emmanue Macron) 在一月初決定展開全國大辯論 (Grand Débat National) ，企圖透過法國傳統之政治文化 - 辯論，以言論自由的精神，來取得人民對政府的信任，以及了解民意所趨，馬克宏強調這次的辯論是無所不談，也向人民保證在大辯論結束後，會對於公民討論之結果進行整體之匯報，但同時也表示人民在公共議題上不能抱有不切實際之想像。大辯論於本月15日結束，但根據法國當地之民調數字，民眾雖然認同公開辯論這樣的人民參與途徑，但是對於辯論結果能夠改變多少政策，卻是抱持著較悲觀的心態，因此馬克宏之大辯論也被批評為轉移焦點之策略，而黃背心運動至今也沒有邁向結束的傾向，究竟在這次的紛爭，法國人民與政府在解決爭端，是否有辦法取得一致的共識，仍然是非常值得觀察的。
而在黃背心運動上，有幾個問題是我覺得可以再深入討論的，首先是軍隊是否可以使用來平息國內的群眾示威 ? 以本篇新聞為例，內文敘說到一名軍人受訪指出，反恐軍人並不是用在維持秩序的，意指應為代表國家進行作戰，而非向內進行維穩。第二個問題為，群眾運動該如何組織規劃，才不會使得訴求焦點遭到模糊 ? 以黃背心運動為例，在上一批的抗議行為中，香榭麗舍大道上的商家遭到示威者打劫，這樣的行為肯定與黃背心運動的初衷訴求有所不同，但是為何會演變成這樣的局面 ? 人民和政府在示威遊行上的尺度該如何溝通協調 ? 以及抗議運動該如何避免遭到有心人士利用，成為他們趁火打劫之機會 ? 我想身處在民主開放的台灣，擁有集會自由的我們都該去思考這樣的問題。
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